Popular name for the priests of the Community of Saint Basil, founded in Cappadocia in the 4th century by Saint Basil, under his Rule. This Rule spread gradually to all the monasteries of the East and at an early date acquired supremacy in the religious communities of the Greek world. In Italy and Sicily the monasteries of Basilians were always in communion with the Holy See. The monastery of Rossano founded by Saint Nilus the Younger, and those of San Salvatore of Otranto, San Salvatore of Messina, and Grottaferrata deserve mention. Recently the monasteries established by Greek monks in these countries have been united into congregations
- the Melchite Congregation of Saint Saviour, dating from 1715
- the Ruthenian Congregation of Saint Saviour, united to the Church in 1595 and reorganized by Saint Josaphat
- the Congregation of Aleppo, separated in 1829 from the Congregation of Chueir
- the Baladite Congregation
In Lithuania reformed Basilians work in the Apostolate in connection with the Uniat clergy. A reform of Italian Basilians, dating from 1573, showed an inclination towards the use of the Latin Liturgy, which some monasteries adopted altogether. The Spanish Basilian monasteries, dating from the 16th century, also followed the Latin Liturgy; they were suppressed together with other orders in 1833. There is a teaching order of Basilians, founded by Monsignor d’Aviau, Archbishop of Vienne, France, during the French Revolution; established at Annonay, 1802; approved, 1863; banished from France, 1905; and now established in England and America, with four colleges and parishes in Canada (at Montreal, Toronto, London, Winnipeg, and Edmonton) and in the United States (particularly in Detroit, Houston, Omaha, Rochester, and Aurora).
Basilian may refer to a number of groups who are followers of Saint Basil the Great and specifically to:
- Basilian monks (founded c. 356), monks who follow the rule of Saint Basil the Great, in modern use refers to monks of Eastern Catholic Churches
- Order of Saint Basil the Great or Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat (founded c. 1631), a Ukrainian Greek Catholic monastic order
- Basilian Salvatorian Order (founded 1683), a religious order of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Basilian Chouerite Order of Saint John the Baptist (founded 1696), a religious order of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Basilian Aleppian Order (founded 1697), a religious order of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Basilian Chouerite Sisters (founded 1737), a religious order of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Basilian Aleppian Sisters (founded 1740), a religious order of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Congregation of St. Basil (founded 1822), a Roman Catholic order of priests now active in the Americas
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